Arizona is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including the majestic mountain lion. These big cats are a symbol of the wild and rugged landscapes of the American Southwest. However, encountering a mountain lion in the wild can be an unnerving experience. If you are hiking or camping in areas where mountain lions are known to live, it's important to become familiar with their habits to reduce the chance of a negative encounter with these amazing animals. By taking precautions and learning more about these big cats, anyone can enjoy Arizona's great outdoors with confidence and peace of mind.

Note: For more information about mountain lions in Arizona, visit this resource on the Arizona Game and Fish Department website.

Mountain lions, also known as cougars or pumas, are large carnivores and generally solitary animals. They occur throughout a wide range of Arizona habitats, from Sonoran Desert canyons to Alpine forests, and everywhere in between. A lion's home range in Arizona is up to 150 miles and transient animals may occasionally use state park property to exploit abundant prey species like deer and javelina before moving on.

Physical Characteristics

Arizona mountain lions have a tan or light brown coat, with a white or cream-colored underside. They have a long tail that helps them balance while running and jumping. Adult lions will be six to eight feet long, including their tail and the height of a medium to large dog like a full-grown German shepherd. Mountain lions are also known for their powerful jaws and sharp claws, which they use to quickly and efficiently kill their prey.

Mountain Lion or Bobcat?

While both bobcats and mountain lions inhabit similar areas, there are some distinct differences between the two wild Arizona felines. By understanding their physical characteristics and behaviors, you can become even more familiar with these amazing creatures and appreciate their unique qualities. We’ve outlined some distinct differences between the two cats below, including visual aids to help you differentiate them in the field. Please take a look to learn about Arizona’s awesome wildlife before your next trip! 

Mountain lions are larger and more muscular than bobcats. They have a distinctive tan or brown coat, a long tail (up to 3 feet), and may weigh up to 75-150 pounds with males on the larger side. Bobcats, on the other hand, are smaller and more compact than mountain lions. They have a reddish-brown or gray coat with spots or faint stripes of brown or black, a short tail (6-10 inches), and only weigh up to 30 pounds. Mountain lions have spots when they’re young and may be similar in appearance to bobcats before their spots fade with age. In spite of this, their long body and tail will indicate that you’re looking at a young lion compared to the compact structure of a bobcat.

Mountain Lion Diet

Mountain lions are an essential part of the state's ecosystems and play a vital role in Arizona’s food chain. Arizona mountain lions are carnivores that feed primarily on deer, although elk, javelina, bighorn sheep, and livestock are also periodically targeted by the big cats. They are also known to prey on smaller animals such as rabbits and rodents on occasion. Mountain lions are ambush predators and rely on surprise to catch their prey. They will typically stalk their prey and then pounce, and use their powerful jaws and sharp claws to do the rest.

Mountain Lion Safety

Outside of a few remote locations, Arizona’s state park campgrounds and associated trails are generally busier with human activity than the areas in which mountain lions prefer to be. Because of this, lion encounters are very rare in Arizona’s state parks. Follow these four tips to reduce the chance of a lion encounter during your next trip or to help you cope if you ever find yourself in a questionable situation with an Arizona mountain lion.

Be aware of your surroundings and make noise while you hike or camp.

• Mountain lions are ambush predators and rely on the element of surprise to catch their prey, so making noise will help to alert them to your presence. Humans are not typically on their menu. It also helps to remain observant and “in the moment” while hiking or camping to see a potential encounter before you’re too close for comfort. Mountain lions will be most active in the morning and evening hours in search of prey. Please be especially vigilant during these times.  

Camp or hike as a group.

• You’ve heard the saying “safety in numbers,” and this anecdote rings true while recreating in lion country. A group of people on the trail is more intimidating to a mountain lion than a single hiker. Please keep an eye on children if any are with your group. 

Carry bear spray, pepper spray or other non-lethal deterrents.

• These products are designed to temporarily incapacitate the mountain lion and give you time to retreat to safety.

Remain calm and avoid running away.

• Maintain eye contact while standing tall to make yourself appear as large as possible. If the mountain lion approaches you, shout loudly to scare it away.

Final Thoughts

Arizona is a beautiful and diverse state that offers a wealth of outdoor activities for visitors and locals alike. From hiking and camping to water sports and fishing, there is something for everyone to enjoy. However, it's important to be aware of mountain lions and take the necessary precautions to stay safe. By following the above tips and learning about mountain lion behavior, anyone can enjoy a worry-free outdoor experience while recreating in Arizona’s most beautiful places.

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